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Technical Note
Online Published: 30 Jun 2012
 


Photovoltaic (PV) Contribution to the Primary Frequency Control

Adel Hamad Rafa.


Abstract
Photovoltaic (PV) technology is among the most efficient and cost effective renewable energy kinds currently available on the market. The connection of a large number of PVs to the grid may infuence the frequency and voltage stability of the power system. This paper proposes load-frequency control technique for a system with high penetration of Photovoltaic (PV). The proposed controller has been successfully implemented and tested using PSCAD/EMTDC. In this study. The impact of Photovoltaic (PV) on the frequency stability of the system is studied in detail. This study shows that large penetration of Photovoltaic (PV) with load and frequency control has a significant impact on the stability and security level of the electrical network

Key words: Photovoltaic (PV), load-frequency control, frequency stability


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Adel Hamad Rafa. Photovoltaic (PV) Contribution to the Primary Frequency Control. Sol. Energy Sustain. Dev.. 2012; 1(1): 8-17.

doi:10.51646/jsesd.v1i1.102

Web Style

Adel Hamad Rafa. Photovoltaic (PV) Contribution to the Primary Frequency Control. https://www.jsesd.org/?mno=302658183 [Access: November 12, 2026].

doi:10.51646/jsesd.v1i1.102

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Adel Hamad Rafa. Photovoltaic (PV) Contribution to the Primary Frequency Control. Sol. Energy Sustain. Dev.. 2012; 1(1): 8-17.


doi:10.51646/jsesd.v1i1.102

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Adel Hamad Rafa. Photovoltaic (PV) Contribution to the Primary Frequency Control. Sol. Energy Sustain. Dev.. (2012), [cited November 12, 2026]; 1(1): 8-17.


doi:10.51646/jsesd.v1i1.102

Harvard Style

Adel Hamad Rafa (2012) Photovoltaic (PV) Contribution to the Primary Frequency Control. Sol. Energy Sustain. Dev., 1 (1), 8-17.


doi:10.51646/jsesd.v1i1.102

Turabian Style

Adel Hamad Rafa. 2012. Photovoltaic (PV) Contribution to the Primary Frequency Control. Solar Energy and Sustainable Development, 1 (1), 8-17.


doi:10.51646/jsesd.v1i1.102

Chicago Style

Adel Hamad Rafa. "Photovoltaic (PV) Contribution to the Primary Frequency Control." Solar Energy and Sustainable Development 1 (2012), 8-17.


doi:10.51646/jsesd.v1i1.102

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Adel Hamad Rafa. "Photovoltaic (PV) Contribution to the Primary Frequency Control." Solar Energy and Sustainable Development 1.1 (2012), 8-17. Print.


doi:10.51646/jsesd.v1i1.102

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Adel Hamad Rafa (2012) Photovoltaic (PV) Contribution to the Primary Frequency Control. Solar Energy and Sustainable Development, 1 (1), 8-17.


doi:10.51646/jsesd.v1i1.102

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